The Enlightenment Essays (265 words) - Religion, Secularism

The Enlightenment The Enlightenment The Enlightenment was a movement of thinkers who believed that science could explain everything in nature. Until then, most peoplebelieved that god controlled the universe in a metaphysical manner. Metaphysical means beyond physical, and suggests that it is impossible for humans to comprehend things that happen in our environment. Galileo was one of the first thinkers of the Enlightenment. Galileo used a powerful telescope to discover that many moons surrounded Jupiter. He used his discoveries to prove the Copernicus' theory that the earth traveled around the sun. The church was opposed to Galileo's discovery. Galileo was imprisoned for heresy and printers were forbidden to print and of Galileo's writings. His students continued to discuss his teachings and in time, the ideas of using observations and measurement were to become the root of modern science. The thinkers of the Enlightenment encouraged people to use science to explore nature and to question what they had always accepted without questioning. The Enlightenment encouraged people to participate in government and to rethink old ideas like feudalism and primogeniture. The American Revolution was seen by many as a huge achievement for the Enlightenment. Two hundred years ago, our Constitution provided for a government where nobody was above the law. People had freedoms of speech and religion, and the press would be allowed to print any true statement. The Enlightenment also had a negative aspect. Many of the thinkers were atheists, who did not believe in god. They often attacked religion and the faithful. Many were also bloodthirsty in attempting to reach their goals. The French Revolution and the Reign of Terror were two episodes of history that ended the period known as the Enlightenment. History

Ethical Issues in Organ Donation essays

Ethical Issues in Organ Donation essays Some Ethical issues associated with having a commercial market in human body parts. The ethical defence of organ donation hinges both on the benefit to all parties and the lack of harm, distress, or indignity caused to the dying and bereaved (Raid generosity and society also gains as fewer resources are spent on treatment. Financial reimbursement may destroy the altruism of the donation process, a component that many donor families find alluring and therapeutic. (Sanders, Devney, Young A commercial market in human body parts will allow the direct purchasing of organs by the public, which opens up the market to the possibility of wrongful exploitation. For example, the rich will be able to use their purchasing power and money to exploit the market at the expense of the poor. They have the means and the money to pay for the organ that they desire, and although they might not have been waiting for the organ as long as others and their condition are not as critical, the fact is if they can afford to pay then that organ is theirs. Therefore with the introduction of financial incentives for organ donation the poor will be deprived of an equal chance of benefiting. (Harris Further more the financial incentives to donors will open up the market to the possibility of poor quality organs. Financially vulnerable individuals might use the market to sell organs that are not in top quality, in order to get themselves out of financial trouble. With no one monitoring the market, there will be no one to screen every available organ for defects. (Murray Financial incentives to donor families also introduce the po...

Chose a good topic for me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chose a good topic for me - Essay Example Learning and horning effectual business writing skills can potentially have an immensely positive impact on my career advancement. Effective communication channels are a vital component in the successful running of any business organization. The use of professionally written writing material that is sent through these communication channels has been seen to improve an organization’s productivity as well as increase the ability of all the organization’s key functional areas to work together. This is especially so with the impact of globalization that has resulted in increasing global workplaces where collaboration is the usual norm (Small business Para 1). The development of professional courtesy is one of the benefits of enhancing my business writing skills. In this age of constant text messaging, formal writing is being severely affected and most leading companies have been seen to assume that poor writing skills is actually a sign of laziness. If a business document comes across to the recipient as being too abrupt, it can commonly be misconstrued as a sign of the recipient being not important enough for the sender to take the time out to carefully check the document’s spelling and grammar as well as write complete sentences. Conversely, if an email message is carefully written, it becomes more impressive than a letter because of its added advantage of rapid transmission. The email’s recipient assumes that the sender considers him to be important enough for him to ensure that the message arrived quickly(Small business Para 4). Good business writing skills help in actively persuading customers to buy a company’s products or services. This is an essential skill that is especially vital in the field of sales and marketing and may help a company in increasing its sales turnover figures (Small business Para 2). Business associates and supervisors who have

Semiconductor manufacturing research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Semiconductor manufacturing - Research Paper Example These, however, largely depends on the source of the plasma. The available electric fields for this process is often externally applied though can also be internally generated as a result of the buildup of charge in the growing film surface or in the film itself. The electric fields (EF) are key to the process being that the transport of the charged particle, that is electrons and ions, between the plasma and oxide surface plus the oxide layer is largely dependent on their resulting effect. Fig 4 a) from [22] Shows an example of a relation of Si-O bond. It exactly shows FWHM, ?, of the Si–O bond stretching mode as a function of annealing temperature for SiOx (x ? 0.15) and (Si, C)Ox (x ? 0.15 and C ? 10 at.%) thin films. The oxidation rate in plasma anodization and oxidation is controlled by the oxidant transport through the growing-oxide layer. Usually, the externally applied electric fields often rise to over 1MV/cm. The oxidant transport and the strong electric fields come together to result into a plasma-assisted oxidation rates at significantly low temperatures and pressures with each being below 600oC and 1 Torr respectively. At atmospheric temperatures, more than 900oC, and pressure, dry oxygen usually have similar rates as those achieved in the process. Oxidation flux of silicon-silicon diode interface can be altered by varying the plasma parameters which includes power, frequency and pressure, and also changing the design of the reactor. This is so because these alter the anodization current and the electron concentration. Fig 4 b) from [22] Shows the log-log plots of the oxide thickness against oxidation time for O2 Remote Plasma Assisted Oxidation of Flat and vicinal Silicon. Advantages Remote-plasma assisted oxidation help in minimizing the duration and number of steps of high temperature processes to allow for the reduction of thermal budget involved with the fabrication of the present and future Integrated Circuits (ICs). It is also a low t emperature alternative that can be considered instead of the high-temperature processes. Concurrently, the fabrication of various thin-film transistors (TFTs) which are largely used in many flat panel displays requires the availability of low temperatures. This is because of the glass substrates that the displays use and therefore the need to perform a remote-plasma assisted oxidation of silicon. 2. SMIF boxes (pods) and Front Opening Unified Pods (FOUP) used to transport wafers during semiconductor device manufacturing. Standard Mechanical InterFace is a standard that has been adopted for the facilitation of transport of wafer. It is a technology dated back in 1980 and used in cleanroom environments as well as in the fabrication of semiconductor wafers. The SMIF boxes were originally designed in Hewlett-Packard by a group of engineers called ‘micronauts’. It is used to transport wafers during the manufacture of semiconductor device. It functions to isolate wafers from getting contaminated through provision of a mini environment with controlled parameters which include pressure, airflow and particle density. It is a completely sealed SMIF box and is therefore essential in moving wafers between different tools or minienvironments. Moreover, unlike the ‘ballroom’ concept by which an extremely clean environment, ultra-clean, is generally created in the whole room. The SMIF pods are kept

Flannery O'Connor's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Flannery O'Connor's - Essay Example The Hopewell farm is in a somewhat rural area. This is known because of the fact that Joy-Hulga lost her leg in a hunting accident when she was 10, something girls arent normally a part of unless they live in the country, and that Manley Pointer was able to leave her, abandoned and legless, in an old barn where no one would be likely to hear her cries for help. This is important to OConnors stories because of the tradition she pulls from: ""The Southern writer is forced from all sides to make his gaze extend beyond the surface, beyond mere problems, until it touches that realm which is the concern of prophets and poets." Simply placing her stories in the South immediately associates her work with the strong tradition coming out of the South at that time and programs her readers to look for the deeper meanings. Other than her love of the South, one can also see OConnors preoccupation with the grotesque in this story. Joy has changed her name to Hulga in a deliberate attempt to make her name match her ugly self-image. This is, to some degree, a reflection of OConnors struggle with lupus, an illness that wasnt well understood at that time but that can cause ugly red splotches on the face and elsewhere and that causes unexplained pain at random. She usually explained this interest in another way though: "Whenever I’m asked why Southern writers particularly have a penchant for writing about freaks, I say it is because we are still able to recognize one." Although she watched her father die of the disease at a young age and struggled with it herself for 14 years, OConnor always tried to keep it in perspective. Part of the reason she was able to keep it in perspective so well was because of the deep nature of her Catholic faith, elements of which also play a big role in this story. The surface action of the story is that of a young Bible salesman coming to the Hopewell farm, charming

Toyotas Human Resource Management

Toyotas Human Resource Management INTRODUCTION HRM:- Human Resource Management demonstrate a fresh approach to handle the process of labour. Some they say that the term HRM packages again only and relabeling of developed management of employees. The critics look HRM as rhetoric to cover the consequences of the liberation and to reduce: A cover for the face less acceptable for the attitude of the trade. Most of the key articles of the model of HRM they are utilized organizing theories of conduct, like motive, creation of team and leadership. (Bratton, J., Gold, J.(2000), Page 16-17, ). Introduction of HRM:- The modern day needs of the HR sector of an organization are a far cry from the generation or origins of this profession which started in the mid of nineteenth century by the early interfarences of distinguished social crusader like Lord Shaftesbury and Robert Owen. Both of them became concerned at the manipulation of the factory employees, where the emphasis had been completely discipline of aon and control of prices, at the cost of the health of the employee, the welfare and personal standard of living. Concentrate on the first one in the appalling that work conditions, especially for women and young children, cultured employers began to believe that if workers were treated humanely and they were rewarded enough, they can work better and to come to be more productive. (Stredwick, J.(2005), Page 7-8, 2nd edition,). LITERATURE REVIEW Functions of HRM Department:- 1. Human Resource Planning:- In the function HR planning, the quantity and type of required employees are specified to acheived the organizational goals. Research is carriedout to collect, organize, examine and interprete the data to acheive the planning required for human resources presently and in the future. Hence, the founamental strategy for the HR resources planning is employee and staff development. 2. Job Analysis:- The process of expressing the state of a job and determining the human requirement like experience, skills etc. and finally descroption of job. Description of job spell out-work, activities and duties of employees. The descroption of job is an important part of the examination of job and for employer and employee etc. 3. Staffing:- The meaning of staffing are the requirment and hiring of the human resources for a firm. Recruiting is the employees function that opportunate the qulaified candidates to fill the job vacancies. In the function of selection the extreme qualified applications are chosen for recruiting between those attracted to the firm by the selection function. 4:- Orientation: Orientation is the 1st step in the direction of helping a new employee. If to the fresh hob and the employer. it is a process to advice fresh employees with specific aspects of their new job, including salary and benefit programmers, hours to be worked and rules of an organization and expectations. (Tanwar, B.P.S. (2005), Page 1- 10). 5. Training And Other Functions of HR:- The HR manager acts managerial and operational activities. By dint of the fact that he is a manager, the manager of HR department acts all the fundamental activities of management, i.e; planning, directing, organizing and controlling to handle his department. Morover, he has to act in specific operative funcions of nees, hiring, traning, placement and son, which the remaining of the line managers trust on him. The department has a vital role to play in the different sectors: i. The HR department supports management to adopt, prepare and continually generate personnel policies and programmes. ii. The HR manager coordinates human research to keep the management informed for making best decisions by the management relating whole issues which influence personnel. iii. The HRM keeps a course of training and education to provide employees in the business firm with inmportant knowledge to do their jobs and also for their improvement. iv. The HR department helps the management in assuring the result oriented communication throughout the organisation. v. The HR department develops a schedual for the administration of human services those are delegated to the department of human resource, i.e; the maintenace of a smooth labour force, development and training, working atmosphere, welfare services and like these. (Talloo, T.J.(2008), Page 226-227). HRM And Acheivement of Organizational Goals:- The fit among strategy of human resource strategy of business or organization is a key factor of the efficacy of HR. The fit among these two aspects of strategy permits HRM to paarticipate fully to meet the objectives of an organization. The strategy of the business or the organization can be definite like the attempt by the ones that control an organization to find that ways to position their objectives of the business or the organization so they can exploit the environment of planning and carry to the maximum the future use of the capital and human advantages. The human resource strategy is simply the process to meet to people plans and programs of activity inside a general framework, they designed to deliver against objectives of organization. The strategy of HR understands those decisions and the actions that concern the management of employees at every grade in the business, and awhich is associated to the practice of strategies directed in the direction of creating and maintaining advantage of competency. The strategy formation process is the process bby which most of the non-similar attitude efficacy come to to be reconciled. It is the process to take the impacts of the economy and the company, and reinterpreting these and objectives of organization during an employees influences conciliation, the shareholders and other holders of bets. There is the external and internal pressures, hence, that put the fit among strategy of HR and business strategy under the pressure. There is a need to unite HR and the business strategy in the level of the politics, that is, to meet the politics in the processes of the business and programs, as those worried with quality, the customer services, reduction of price and improvements of productivity. (Tyson, S., York, A.(2000), Page 329). Example (TOYOTA):- Toyota is known for many initiatives of world size of products and quality that incude famous system of the production of Toyota that became then popular as JIT (just-in-time inventory). Toyota keeps the high profile in its policies related to HRM and practices also. A study carried out about detailed field research in HRM of Toyota in 1994, believes completely that the HR practices of this company can serve as a model, especially in production and production oriented organizations. The framework of HRM of Toyota understands widely of four goals are described as follows: 1. The objective of organizing integration:- The inclusion of employees in individual and collective level with seen organization as the primary objective of strategy of Toyota HRM. This objective has been achieved by the extensive use of the teams that are subordinate to organizational objectives. The welfare of workers also attained broad attention as part of this objective. 2. The objective of commitment:- To achieve this objective, a strategy of two-protracted was followed. Firslty, Toyota recomended the staff semir-rural for the induction in its plants. They beleive that people who arent contaminated for the culture and industrial impacts tend to retain with them a class of feudal value of trustworthy, that can become the commitment organizing. In second place, the measures as schemes of suggestion, circles of quality and methods of involvment of employee are utilized to win commitment. 3:- The objective of the flexibility and the adaptability:- The authority of the Team instead of the place unique of individual that hold all the powers had paved way to realize the flexibility in the organization. These teams are based on tasks and they can be dismantled or can be changed by the organization, depending on the scenario. The characteristic of adapatability is institutionalized through the focus of rotations of multi-skilling and work. 4. The objective of quality:- To be, the equal and team caution techniques are utilized to assure products quality. Still more, a chain of steps employed, like time and motion study, benchmarking, continuous improvement of process and contributed and participation of employee in the achievement of this objective. Toyota there is recomposed the above-mentioned objectives of four HRM in 17 mentioned experiments. These 17 practices are devided in the practices of the production and practices of employment. The practices of the production are: JIT, the stop of the Line, the Level that plans, Kanban, flow and Continuous prosecution. The practices of emplyment are: The continuous improvement, facilities of single status, evaluation of Performance, meetings Daily briefing of team, temporary contracts, evaluation of Performance, Performace related pay, the council of the Company, the Cross disciplinary teams, the unions Unicas, they Cross the instruction and takes decisions for the Group. (Kandula, S. R.(2005), Page 10-11). CRITICAL ANALYSIS Critical Review of HRM of Toyota:- 1. The problem regarding the satisfaction of the attraction and the employee in the production, especially in lines of essembly, looks to have been recognized first by unions of labours in the end of the eighties. When the Union of Toyota Motor Industries announced its medium-long-term plan of action in October 1988, the reduction of working hours, new politics to be aged to workers, and for the work demand excess absorption was represented clearly, but the attraction of the work was not indicated explicitly. While the quantitative side of shortage of work was a lot accentuated, the assembly automation concept for a better quality of labour environment had not been articulated. Attractivencess of the organization and its shopfloor, particulary in the process of the assembly, was selected as an order of business in the Meeting of Union-Management in industrial matters in April 1989, that was likely the first official that finds where the problem of assembly line was you specify it directed. In the succeeding meetings in assembly work improvement among the union and the management, the main matter was still shortage of labour, but qualitative side of attrativeness of labour became an each time more order of business important agenda. Toyotas management became in working condition invovled in job charming matters by the 1990 spring, when it tool the start in developing the combine Comittee for Improving Attractiveness of Production Work in the May of 1990. The Comittee was chaired by the HR division, therefore the Assembly Process Engineering Division wasnt enclosed in the original Comittee. Developments in the manufacturing and production work scenario, also as desirable process of design assembly, were focused. Toyotas management division keenly known as the problem assembly in 1990-1 partly as an impact of the shocking result of the opinion surveys that the HR Division had corodinated bi-annually since seventies, also the turnover record. Like, the turnover-ratio rose up and the labours subjective evaluation of the satisfaction of job and self-esteem decreased sharply. (Dosi et al (2002), Page 262-264). 2. Tesco HRM of Tesco include the data on queue lengths, stock avialability, stick erros and theft including the financial data regrding the store. The decision to take that data at a level of unit makes a sense, and it is a more understandable measure of how the labour might be capable to participate to develop the performance than some distan steps of profitability over which the number of workers have little impact. Definately it could be said that it also understands to take the measures of high commitment Human Resource Management relying on the palce of work because labour is likely to stress in practices of different kinds relying on their occupational level, gender or age for example. (Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A.(2005), Page 90-91). 3. Llyods In 1997, after just a year the merger of TSB and Llyods, the HR division of Bank started implementation of the biggest shared servin the the services related to the financial sector. The bank goup has about 80,000 workforce. Llyods TSB has found that emplyees then required knowled and help to make the career a self manged reality; Many sides of HR have transfered into a model of shared services with the other emplyees and their managers reaching iknowledge and suggestions bvia both Internet sites and Intranet and call centr of an HR. Aid for the development of caree has followed the strategy ; and the Career Centre Managment website was introduce in 2000. The workers can access the information and utilise the Job Shop for the vacanicies inside. the Developing leaders and Managers website gives managers with information on skills and development chances. (Storey, J.(2004), Page 239). 4. Barclays. Training is seen as a necessary function of HRM of Barclays, there are some chance for the emplyees to fet training, specially off the job external skills. The schools cater to all workers but it is normaly lwsser to the empoyees of middle grade that attend these courses offered. (Budhwar, .P.S., Debrah, Y.A.(2001), Page 2000). 5. Unilever China For the professional or specialized positions it is difficult to recruit in demographic cultures. For example Unilever China chairman tell of a recent search for hiring a marketing director. He says that in the whole china they found only eight candidates who could speak the English language and they were worthy of the little and form all these eight candidates only three were experienced and had worked with Procter Gamble while the other three applicants had work formerly with the Unilever. So there is a need to educate, prepare and train the employees according the demographic culture. (Fernandez, J.A., Underwood, L.(2006), Page 39). 6. Hsbc: HSBC is rising and falling out specially planned learning pod to 1200 branches across the UK. The new knowledge pods are workstations devoted to staff training and development that give staff right of entry to a variety of learning tools. These include: Live! TV, a daily communication to HSBC staff Online knowledge A commercial lending library which offers books, DVDs and CD-Roms HSBCs intranet and a number of outside learning sites Course information and booking.(www.hsbc.co.uk) 7. Toshiba is salute this year for its guidance, Education, and Development (LEAD) program. First accessible to 500 management-level employees to help ensure planned growth, LEAD was such a runaway achievement; it was customized for non management employees. It is available for free to all of the companys workers, as well as Toshiba Business employees in Australia. Toshiba.com) 8. As well as 21 million consumers, BT Retail has another surprisingly valuable asset its people. As a check business, it is the ability and contribution of our people that will make the difference, and make certain our achievement. In BT Retail therefore, we are loyal to investing in and developing our people. Each business unit has its own People savings Plan and the Quality Plan and financial plan for BT Retail in 2000/01 set aside  £36m for exercise and development. Each business unit has its own preparation and development priority. These co-exist with a number of overruling learning and development main beliefs which span BT Retail. (Btphone.co.uk). 9. All preparation and growth is built on a firm assurance to releasing and maximize the full possible of every British Airways employee. Due to the vast range of jobs across the company, we cant explain every development proposal in detail here. More information is available, however, within the entity job areas. What we can say is we have an inspiring range of training capital at hand, which you will be able to represent upon as you need them. These include computer based interactive knowledge centers, library amenities, reference materials, audiotapes and video based learning. Programmers are obtainable to develop a wide selection of skills such as leadership, team-building, appearance and give and take, to name but a few. In certain gear support is provided towards technical and professional experience. In all these areas, the burden is on the individual, through debate with their manager, to take responsibility for seeing their needs are met.(Britishairways.co.uk). It is dedicated to cheering staff to reach their full potential by ornamental job performance and maximize personal and professional job accomplishment. The Trust aim to make certain that employees have the necessary skill, data and attitude to provide the highest quality healthcare to the people serve. It is also a system to enable entity staff to develop their potential as predict in Working together, Learning Together, the structure for Life Long Learning which will ensure that the National Health Service becomes a model location for learning and individual development. (WWW.NHS.CO.UK 11 Team strength is inspired, developed and better through the input of our fervent and passionate people at all levels and across all functions.. As a new employee you will follow a wide-ranging induction programmer aimed at warm you and helping you to feel at ease in your new role. We then offer a made to order programme to provide a echo basis for your future development. Primark fully believes in the ethics of self development where the individual is responsible for achieving their learning objectives. All our employees are confident to play an active part in ensure. WWW.PRIMARK.CO.UK 12. by the side of the John Lewis Partnership we believe that everyone has the ability to learn and grow. From first-class client service training to soft skills development and practical training, you can look forward to a assets of learning opportunities that will furnish you with the skills and confidence to be the best you can be. The type is that you are in control of and answerable for your own growth. Well provide all the tackle and support you need to progress and you will need to be highly go-ahead, willing to push yourself forward and continuously open to learning new things.WWW.JOHNLEWIS.COM 13. We desire employees to be able to develop at Nokia, together personally and resourcefully. We offer an incorporated package of classroom training, on-the-job knowledge, individual instruction, and mentoring. We give confidence people to learn through active contribution by trying new roles at Nokia. During 2007, we used up just about EUR 70 million on employee training for Nokia employees (apart from Nokia Siemens Networks as of 1st April).WWW.NOKIA.COM 14. while the training and growth manager, you must make sure that the training you provide for your companys workers gives them the skills and information they need to succeed at their jobs. At the same time, you must convince company executive that an successful and timely training program profit the company and contributes to the underneath line. You require a plain plan. establish by reviewing your companys organizational objectives and by evaluate the obtainable training in glow of those objectives. WWW.MICROSOFT.COM 15. by way of as regards 10,000 learner and student interns (of which 6,800 work for Siemens and 3,100 works for other companies), Siemens is one of Germanys major private providers of professional education. Over the years, we have also dynamically advanced the set of courses for a number of different job experience curricula planned to communicate not just important methodological knowledge, but also a broad range of important organizational, public and cross-cultural competencies. Siemens occupational training programs are also release to other companies. They can choose to have their workers trained completely by Siemens or can choose to leave out specific training modules if they favor. (WWW.SIEMENS.COM ) Human Resource Planning and Developments:- The human resources planning are the designing of strategies to find future needs of human resources of firm. The primary point is the plan strategic general of organization. From this, planners of human resources can foretell future demand for human resources. Then, the planners should determine if the human resources you needed will be available. Finally, they have to take steps to match supply with demand. The planners should be based forcasts of the demand for HR in the meantime pertinent as available information. The general strategic plan of the firm will provide knowledge on future venures of the business, on new products, and on expansions or specific contractions projected of product line. The information pass in front of providing levels, evolving technolgies, the industry that provides the practices and economic tendencies projected also they can be equiped. The management of HRM utilizes this information to determine both the number of necessary employees and its requirem ents. (Pride et al (2010), Page 251-252). The literature with regard to the encompases of HRM four types of activities: finding, to assign, to develop and to value to the employees. Finding consists of the planning to enlist, and for selecting employees. Assigning includes issues that relates to provide, to promote, to degrade, and to transfer employees. Developing employees squeeze the politics and the practices linked with preparing workers for the present and future works in function of training formal and informal, in development programs function, and in function of professional management. Finally, valuing employees bring with himself to limit, to reward, maintaining relations that hardly with and with valuing the benefits and prices associated with employees. (Ferris et al (1996), Page 220-223). Models for HRM:- Two models have been especially influential in the interpretation of HRM. 1. Model of Matching:- The model Matching, developed by educators in the business School of Michigan, launched the idea of strategic human management of resource because policies of HRM they are inextricably tied to the formulation and the implementation of strategic corporate and/or objectives of business. The model emphasis the need of tight fit among strategy of HR and business strategy and the use of an assembly of the politics of HR and practical that are integrated one with the other and with objectives of the association. Following are the key environments for the development of appropriate policies of HR and systems: 1. The selection of the most convenient people to find the business needs 2. The performance in the business objectives pursuit. 3. The evaluation, watching performance and to provide reaction to the association and Its employees. 4. The rewards for the appropriate work. 5. The development of the ability and the knowledge needed to find objective of business. The matching model is joined closely with the interpretation hard of HRM; that is, the stationing of human resources to find objectives of business. Two suppositions prop up this model: The first one is that the media more troops to handle to people will vary by the association to the association and they are relying in the organizing context. 2. Influential Model:- The second supposition is that of Unitarianism, that is, the supposition that conflict or varying at least views cannot exist in the place of work because all they work to achieve the same objective- the association success. A second model of influention, was designed by Beer et al, (1984) in the University of Harvard. The map of the territory of HRM, as the regular authors its model, recognize that there is a variety holder of bets in an organization, that includes shareholders, various groups of employees, the community and the government. The model recognizes the legitimate interests of various groups, and assumes that the invention of strategies of HRM will have to reflect these interests and to melt them as like possible in the strategy of human resource and ultimately the strategy for business. The elements of better practices now are recognized extensively, if not universally accepted: 1. The security of the employment, 2. The sophisticated selection, 3. The team work and the decentralization, 4. The high salaries tied to the organizing performance, 5. The extensive instruction, 6. Tighten differentials of status, 7. Communication and participation. It is now valuable noting here that there are few challenges to the global applicability of best HRM. (Beard well, J., Clay don, T.(2007), Page 7-10, 5th Edition). Critical Review of HRM Performance:- In the recent few years, countries of OECD have carried out analysis of the performance with the objective of raising the motivation and check and balance of the civil sevants. Strategic planning is most influential when it is associated with the human resource management planning throuout the public administration and within every government or public sector organization. The shortage of integration among human resource management and process strategic enterprenuer planning is widely acknowledged as a important source of implementation failures. The incorporation of HRM planning into strategic planning permits associations to create strategic capacity by the calculation of HRM planning-to confirm that the organization has the important skilled, appreciated and committed workers in place to attain the firms objectives. The incorporation of strategic HRM operations with organizational strategic planning is crucial to activities; this is more crucial when HRM activities are transferred to the line managers, as is the case in people administration in most of the OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2010), Page 154). CONCLUSION HR is a very important department for organization in this modern global market of competency. HRM department plays vital role in the development of organization and in meeting the organizational goals according to the organization vision and mission. Functions of Human Resource department are very important for both the organization and the employees as well. This department not only focuses the rights of employees and ensures the availability of atractive scenario but also works for organizations benefit though the satisfaction to the management regarding the proviosn of labour in future. This department manages the organizational future aspects regarding labor and provision of favorite scenario to employees. HR also deals with the different movements and meetings coordinated by the worker or labor unions. Simply the HR department covers the all labor related matters. In addition to above the HR department departments have many criticism on its operations and there is need to reconcile the defects facing by these departments. But overall human resource department is very beneficial for both employees and organization. Different types of model and methods should be adapted by the managers to develop its function to enhance the organizational activities.

A Respectable Trade :: Slavery Essays

A Respectable Trade Many economic systems exist in the movie A Respectable Trade. Capitalism is present, as the Cole’s hire their cook and pay her for her time. Self – Employment also exists as one witnesses through the doctor. The economic system in which the plot revolves around is Slavery. Mr. Cole tries to earn a fortune in the business of slave trade. His wife, Francis, is ordered to teach them to assimilate into European culture by teaching them English, dressing them in new cloths and re-naming them. As the film progresses, so does Mr. Cole’s greed and arrogance increases. He begins to act superior and to dominate the household. Many slave owners including Mr. Cole began to engrain these feelings into their culture, to be carried through generations. In A Respectable Trade, the owner of the slaves is Josiah Cole. This is a new business investment for Josiah. He is not well known with the aristocrats in Bristol, England and does not have the poise and charm it takes to be accepted in to their circle. As a result, he invests in marrying Francis Scott. She was raised by â€Å"old money† and possesses the grace, status and wealth required to begin a successful business in slave trading. She is also a very educated woman and has the ability to teach the slaves English and how to behave as a European servant might have been expected to. Consequently, Josiah appears to have a prosperous business investment by marring Francis as she can lead him and their business of slave trade into Queen’s Square. â€Å"Generally the owner is responsible for providing minimal food, shelter, and clothing. Members of a family can be separated at the will of the owner†¦A slave is commonly regarded as an article of property, or chattel, and therefore can be sold or given away.† In A Respectable Trade the viewer sees the slaves eventually living in better conditions, eating healthier and with more comfortable clothing, nevertheless the clothing was very European and may have felt uncomfortable to them. Eventually, Francis feels compassion for the slaves, especially for Mehuru, and this is what drives her to make their lives more comfortable, if lives can be comfortable with out freedom. However, in the beginning of the business, they were treated poorly and often. It is important to remember that these better living conditions were not originally a result of Francis’s moral conscious Her motivations were more for economical reasons.

Debate between booker T and dubois Essay

The debate between Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Dubois turned out to be one of the greatest intellectual as well as inspiring battles in our United States history. This great debate sparked the interest of African Americans and whites throughout the entire country. Both men had distinct views on how blacks should go about progressing politically, socially, as well as financially here in the United States. Both Du Bois and Washington wanted African-Americans to have the same rights as white Americans; But Du Bois encouraged African-Americans to demand equal rights, while Washington, on the other hand, often ignored discrimination. He believed that it was important for blacks to develop good relationships with whites because He was afraid that blacks who demanded equal rights would create bitterness between themselves and white Americans. Dubois ridiculed Mr. Washington’s tactics believing Washington’s accommodations program asked blacks to give up political power, insistence on civil rights, and higher education for Negro youth. Although Bois was ridiculed by these tactics he still respected him he says â€Å"Among his own people, however, Mr. Washington has encountered the strongest and most lasting opposition, amounting at times to bitterness, and even today continuing strong and insistent even though largely silenced in outward expression by the public opinion of the nation. Some of this opposition is, of course, mere envy; the disappointment of displaced demagogues and the spite of narrow minds† (W. E. B Dubois 3) While their strategy may have differed, both of these remarkable men had a common goal in the uplift of the black community. Born into slavery on April 5, 1856 Booker T. Washington would become an educator, author, and before his passing one of the most influential leaders during his time. Mr. Washington views for social, economic and political growth differed immensely from his counterpart w. e. b Dubois. Unlike Washington web Dubois grew up free in a community that was relatively tenant and integrated, he would become the first African American to graduate with a doctorate from Harvard University. Booker did not believe having equal rights was a necessity evident by the Atlanta compromise speech Washington says â€Å"In all things purely social we can be as separate as the five fingers, and yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress. † (Washington). Booker T. Washington main focus was on having education for real life jobs that he believed would eventually turn African Americans in an economic powerhouse or at least dig themselves out of the financial whole they were already in. He believed by working hard and playing second fiddle to the white man would ultimately give black America the equal rights and respect that they always wanted. WEB Dubois focused on the exact opposite things that of Booker T. Washington. Unlike Washington, Dubois felt that inequality with whites was one of the utmost importance issues facing black America. Dubois demanded for all black citizens to have the right to vote, civic equality, and give our young blacks the right to a proper education. Dubois firmly believed that persistent agitation, political action, and academic education would be the means to achieve full citizenship rights for black Americans. His educational philosophy directly influenced his political approach. He stressed the need for liberal arts training because he believed that in order for blacks to obtain leadership skills was through education at a college. One of the biggest disagreements in philosophies between the two men was over the issue of black suffrage. In terms of voting, Dubois believed that agitating for the ballot was necessary, but opposed giving the vote to the uneducated blacks. He believed that economic gains were not secure unless there was political power to safeguard them. Washington, on the other hand, felt that the right to vote was not a necessity and the only thing that would come out of protesting for voting rights is the irritation of whites. In conclusion, the debate between W. E. B Dubois and Washington was nothing short of remarkable and genius. Although both men had two separate ways about doing things they both shared the same common goal, which was bettering the lives of African Americans. In my opinion, W. E.  B Dubois plan to go strongly for African American rights and equality was the better strategy. Not only did he help bring us together but he gave blacks a sense of self confidence that they didn’t possess before. For once blacks believed not only can you be as good as the white man but better. While some may agree that Mr. Washington’s plan to endure the second citizenship title was only degrading and keeping the black man down. Although Washington had honorable goals Dubois gave the people a strong sense of empowerment and worthiness that has helped the black race grows into what it is today.

Analysis of the novel, A Good Man Is Hard to Find

Analysis of the novel, 'A Good Man Is Hard to Find' A Good Man Is Hard to Find, first published in 1953, is among the most famous stories by Georgia writer Flannery OConnor. OConnor was a staunch Catholic, and like most of her stories, A Good Man Is Hard to Find wrestles with questions of good and evil and the possibility of divine grace. Plot A grandmother is traveling with her family (her son Bailey, his wife, and their three children) from Atlanta to Florida for a vacation. The grandmother, who would prefer to go to East Tennessee, informs the family that a violent criminal known as The Misfit is loose in Florida, but they do not change their plans. The grandmother secretly brings her cat in the car. They stop for lunch at Red Sammys Famous Barbecue, and the grandmother and Red Sammy commiserate that the world is changing and a good man is hard to find. After lunch, the family begins driving again and the grandmother realizes they are near an old plantation she once visited. Wanting to see it again, she tells the children that the house has a secret panel and they clamor to go. Bailey reluctantly agrees. As they drive down a rough dirt road, the grandmother suddenly realizes that the house she is remembering is in Tennessee, not Georgia. Shocked and embarrassed by the realization, she accidentally kicks over her belongings, releasing the cat, which jumps onto Baileys head and causes an accident. A car slowly approaches them, and The Misfit and two young men get out. The grandmother recognizes him and says so. The two young men take Bailey and his son into the woods, and shots are heard. Then they take the mother, the daughter, and the baby into the woods. More shots are heard. Throughout, the grandmother pleads for her life, telling The Misfit she knows hes a good man and entreating him to pray. He engages her in a discussion about goodness, Jesus, and crime and punishment. She touches his shoulder, saying, Why youre one of my babies. Youre one of my own children! but The Misfit recoils and shoots her. Defining Goodness The grandmothers definition of what it means to be good is symbolized by her very proper and coordinated traveling outfit. OConnor writes: In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady. The grandmother is clearly concerned with appearances above all else. In this hypothetical accident, she worries not about her death or the deaths of her family members, but about strangers opinions of her. She also demonstrates no concern for the state of her soul at the time of her imagined death, but we think thats because shes operating under the assumption that her soul is already as pristine as her navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on the brim. She continues to cling to superficial definitions of goodness as she pleads with The Misfit. She entreats him not to shoot a lady, as if not murdering someone is just a question of etiquette. And she reassures him that she can tell hes not a bit common, as if lineage is somehow correlated with morality. Even The Misfit himself knows enough to recognize that he aint a good man, even if he aint the worst in the world neither. After the accident, the grandmothers beliefs begin to fall apart just like her hat, still pinned to her head but the broken front brim standing up at a jaunty angle and the violet spray hanging off the side. In this scene, her superficial values are revealed as ridiculous and flimsy. OConnor tells us that as Bailey is led into the woods, the grandmother: reached up to adjust her hat brim as if she were going to the woods with him, but it came off in her hand. She stood staring at it, and after a second, she let it fall on the ground. The things she has thought were important are failing her, falling uselessly around her, and she now has to scramble to find something to replace them. A Moment of Grace? What she finds is the idea of prayer, but its almost as if shes forgotten (or never knew) how to pray. OConnor writes: Finally, she found herself saying, Jesus, Jesus, meaning, Jesus will help you, but the way she was saying it, it sounded as if she might be cursing. All her life, she has imagined that she is a good person, but like a curse, her definition of goodness crosses the line into evil because it is based on superficial, worldly values. The Misfit may openly reject Jesus, saying, Im doing all right by myself, but his frustration with his own lack of faith (It aint right I wasnt there) suggests that hes given Jesus a lot more thought than the grandmother has. When faced with death, the grandmother mostly lies, flatters, and begs. But at the very end, she reaches out to touch The Misfit and utters those rather cryptic lines, Why youre one of my babies. Youre one of my own children! Critics disagree on the meaning of those lines, but they could possibly indicate that the grandmother finally recognizes the connectedness among human beings. She may finally understand what The Misfit already knows- that there is no such thing as a good man, but that there is good in all of us and also evil in all of us, including in her. This may be the grandmothers moment of grace- her chance at divine redemption. OConnor tells us that her head cleared for an instant, suggesting that we should read this moment as the truest moment in the story. The Misfits reaction also suggests that the grandmother may have hit upon divine truth. As someone who openly rejects Jesus, he recoils from her words and her touch. Finally, even though her physical body is twisted and bloody, the grandmother dies with her face smiling up at the cloudless sky as if something good has happened or as if she has understood something important. A Gun to Her Head At the beginning of the story, The Misfit starts out as an abstraction for the grandmother. She doesnt really believe theyll encounter him; shes just using the newspaper accounts to try to get her way. She also doesnt really believe that theyll get into an accident or that shell die; she just wants to think of herself as the kind of person whom other people would instantly recognize as a lady, no matter what. It is only when the grandmother comes face to face with death that she begins to change her values. (OConnors larger point here, as it is in most of her stories, is that most people treat their inevitable deaths as an abstraction that will never really happen and, therefore,  dont give enough consideration to the afterlife.) Possibly the most famous line in all of OConnors work is The Misfits observation, She would have been a good woman [†¦] if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life. On the one hand, this is an indictment of the grandmother, who always thought of herself as a good person. But on the other hand, it serves as final confirmation that she was, for that one brief epiphany at the end, good.

Free Essays on Students With Disabilities

Students with Disabilities The equal protection Clause of the 14th amendment has been instrumental in shaping many court cases and federal statutes that are directed towards preventing discrimination in schools. A judgment of discrimination can be defined as a determination that an individual or a group of individuals, for example African Americans, women, or handicapped people, have been denied constitutional rights. The judicial basis for current approaches to the education of students with disabilities also is closely is linked to the civil rights and equal opportunity initiatives. In addition, several specifically targeted statutes address the education of people with disabilities. Three statutes that are particularly important are Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act: Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act: and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Public Law 94-142 was passed by Congress in 1975. The law assures â€Å"a free appropriate public education† to all children with disabilities between the ages of three and twenty one. The law is specific in describing the kind and quality of education in stating that each child with a disability is to have an individually planned education. Details of this plan must be spelled out in a written Individualized Education Plan, formulated by general and special education teachers, and subject to the parents approval. Originally the law provided for substantial increases in funding, however the funding authorizations have been lower than the original commitment. Then came the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, this act developed tighter specifications for the delivery of education services to children with disabilities. At the time more than half of the children with disabilities were not receiving appropriate educational services. The purpose of IDEA is to make available to all children with disabilities a free appro... Free Essays on Students With Disabilities Free Essays on Students With Disabilities Students with Disabilities The equal protection Clause of the 14th amendment has been instrumental in shaping many court cases and federal statutes that are directed towards preventing discrimination in schools. A judgment of discrimination can be defined as a determination that an individual or a group of individuals, for example African Americans, women, or handicapped people, have been denied constitutional rights. The judicial basis for current approaches to the education of students with disabilities also is closely is linked to the civil rights and equal opportunity initiatives. In addition, several specifically targeted statutes address the education of people with disabilities. Three statutes that are particularly important are Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act: Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act: and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Public Law 94-142 was passed by Congress in 1975. The law assures â€Å"a free appropriate public education† to all children with disabilities between the ages of three and twenty one. The law is specific in describing the kind and quality of education in stating that each child with a disability is to have an individually planned education. Details of this plan must be spelled out in a written Individualized Education Plan, formulated by general and special education teachers, and subject to the parents approval. Originally the law provided for substantial increases in funding, however the funding authorizations have been lower than the original commitment. Then came the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, this act developed tighter specifications for the delivery of education services to children with disabilities. At the time more than half of the children with disabilities were not receiving appropriate educational services. The purpose of IDEA is to make available to all children with disabilities a free appro...

Microsoft Apple Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Microsoft Apple Case - Essay Example Special tools were needed to get into the backs of the computers and it was expensive to fix anything wrong with the PC. Although Steve Jobs had a great plan and computers that were technologically advanced, his competitors soon caught up with him and produced cheaper PC's that ran smoothly and had more versatile programming. Question 2: Apple made some poor decisions as far as money goes and that had a great deal to do with the profit loss they experienced. Microsoft on the other hand invested their money in money market accounts, which with a return of 1 percent helped the company keep making money outside of its programming. Microsoft currently has more cash than any other non finance company and is now experiencing even bigger returns (Bass). Although Microsoft doesn't sell PC's it has made software that companies desire to put into their systems. In fact they have made the market need these products installed on their computers. Microsoft made operating systems that people wanted, they were easy to use, contained everything they needed and were all in one box. So not only does Microsoft have a steady cash flow from investments, it is also making gains on its Windows products as well.

Selected Family Health Promotion Assessment and Initiative Essay - 1

Selected Family Health Promotion Assessment and Initiative - Essay Example In most first world countries, health visitors offer spontaneous public health service in accordance to the actions taken by the government to promote health and provide preventive care among families and communities. These health visitors maintain a number of cases to be dealt with, particularly families within a certain area with children of 5 years old and below, to supply health services through specialized home visiting that focuses on individual health care needs, clinic contacts, as well as health-related activities at a community level. Since the early 1990s, the British National Health Service has aimed to implement policies that will address health inequalities (Greater London Authority 2002), reduce all health-related gaps, and improve the living standards of those experiencing the worst health conditions in the society (Department of Health 2001). Initially, the pressure in decreasing the amount of time allocated for home visiting was consequently followed by the increase d emphasis on disadvantaged families. Owing to such priorities, major decisions were made with regards to the assessment of health needs when families are first visited by health visitors to identify the appropriate frequency of possible contacts in the future. There is not a single approach that is accepted as the sole tool for assessing health needs; there is also no established agreements regarding the applicability of various approaches with which decisions about the frequency, level, and types of services to be provided are to be made. Elkan, Robinson, Williams, and Blair (2001) asserted that the main decision lies on the judgment of health professionals in ascertaining the frequency of communication and contact with families. There have been an increased number of studies that examine the processes integrated within health visitor needs assessment, especially in settling on the necessary contact frequency between the family and health visitor (Appleton 2002); however, there ar e fewer studies that highlight the structure the implementation of structured health needs assessment approaches. Nonetheless, majority of health institutions responsible for health visitors have implemented a type of structured guidance that can help make appropriate decisions about service provision in health visiting. The current study, then, focuses on the Developmental Model of Health and Nursing (DMHN) which emphasizes the development of healthy attitudes and behaviors that take place in the family. The DMHN generally pays attention to how family members create the strategies necessary for them to live a healthy life, focusing on the role of the entire family in developing the responses to health-related situations which can generally affect the family at an individual and group level (Ford-Gilboe 2002).Due to the model’s strengths-based direction, the DMHN can be very much applicable for evaluating and gaining insight especially about vulnerable groups of people. The f ollowing sections will then examine the application of the Developmental Model of Health and Nursing (DMHN) initially proposed by Alen (1977) to restructure health care systems and make them