Wednesday, March 18, 2020

Free Essays on Law School Admissions

WHAT IS THE LSAT? The LSAT or Law School Admissions Test is your ticket into law school. All students applying to ABA-approved law schools are required to take the LSAT. ABA or American Bar association-approved law schools make sure that law schools meet certain criteria in their courses.(Wright 42) Law schools use this test to measure a law school candidate’s ability to read and comprehend abstract material. Joanna Grossman had this to say about the LSAT, â€Å"Frankly, it was a cruel individual who devised this mode of assessment.† (1) What makes this test so difficult is the fact that it does not test your knowledge in a subject like the ACT or SAT. It is a thought process that you must learn and study in order to be successful on the LSAT and in law school. HOW IS THE LSAT FORMATTED? Tom Martinson comprised the LSAT with 6 different sections that look like this: SECTION NUMBER OF QUESTIONS TIME ALLOWED Logical Reasoning 1 24-26 35 min. Reading Comprehension 27-28 35 min. Analytical Reasoning 24-25 35 min. Logical Reasoning 2 24-26 35 min. Experimental 35 min. Writing Sample Essay 30 min. Note: The order of the section varies from administration to administration, and the Experimental section is not necessarily the last is not necessarily the last section of multiple choice questions. LOGICAL REASONING Logical reasoning questions make up about half of the test question that you will find on this exam. This is great, because I find that these questions are the easiest to master. What do we mean when we say logical reasoning? Let’s analyze each part of this, according to Webster’s definition of logical which means, â€Å"Displaying consistency in reasoning,† and reasoning which is, â€Å"to form conclusions, judgments, or inferences.† (Page #)In this section you will be asked to drawl a conclusion based on an argument or explanation in a short passage and provide the best possible solution. I should place emph... Free Essays on Law School Admissions Free Essays on Law School Admissions WHAT IS THE LSAT? The LSAT or Law School Admissions Test is your ticket into law school. All students applying to ABA-approved law schools are required to take the LSAT. ABA or American Bar association-approved law schools make sure that law schools meet certain criteria in their courses.(Wright 42) Law schools use this test to measure a law school candidate’s ability to read and comprehend abstract material. Joanna Grossman had this to say about the LSAT, â€Å"Frankly, it was a cruel individual who devised this mode of assessment.† (1) What makes this test so difficult is the fact that it does not test your knowledge in a subject like the ACT or SAT. It is a thought process that you must learn and study in order to be successful on the LSAT and in law school. HOW IS THE LSAT FORMATTED? Tom Martinson comprised the LSAT with 6 different sections that look like this: SECTION NUMBER OF QUESTIONS TIME ALLOWED Logical Reasoning 1 24-26 35 min. Reading Comprehension 27-28 35 min. Analytical Reasoning 24-25 35 min. Logical Reasoning 2 24-26 35 min. Experimental 35 min. Writing Sample Essay 30 min. Note: The order of the section varies from administration to administration, and the Experimental section is not necessarily the last is not necessarily the last section of multiple choice questions. LOGICAL REASONING Logical reasoning questions make up about half of the test question that you will find on this exam. This is great, because I find that these questions are the easiest to master. What do we mean when we say logical reasoning? Let’s analyze each part of this, according to Webster’s definition of logical which means, â€Å"Displaying consistency in reasoning,† and reasoning which is, â€Å"to form conclusions, judgments, or inferences.† (Page #)In this section you will be asked to drawl a conclusion based on an argument or explanation in a short passage and provide the best possible solution. I should place emph...

Sunday, March 1, 2020

Managing Ascii (Text) Files From Delphi Code

Managing Ascii (Text) Files From Delphi Code Simply put, text files contain readable ASCII characters. We can think of working with a text file in Delphi as analogous to playing or recording information on a VCR tape. Although it is possible to make changes to a text file, jump around when processing information or add some data to the file other than at the end, it is advisable to use a text file only when we know that we are working with ordinary text and no such operations are necessary. Text files are considered to represent a sequence of characters formatted into lines, where each line is terminated by an end-of-line marker (a CR/LF combination). The TextFile and the Assign Method To start working with text files you have to link a file on a disk to a file variable in your code - declare a variable of type TextFile and use the AssignFile procedure to associate a file on a disk with a file variable. var    SomeTxtFile : TextFile; begin    AssignFile(SomeTxtFile, FileName) Reading information From a Text File If we want to read back the content of a file into a string list, just one line of code will do the job. Memo1.Lines.LoadFromFile(c:\autoexec.bat) To read information from a file line by line, we must open the file for input by using the Reset procedure. Once a file is reset, we can use ReadLn to read information from a file (reads one line of text from a file then moves to the next line) : var    SomeTxtFile : TextFile;    buffer : string;begin    AssignFile(SomeTxtFile, c:\autoexec.bat) ;    Reset(SomeTxtFile) ;    ReadLn(SomeTxtFile, buffer) ;    Memo1.Lines.Add(buffer) ;    CloseFile(SomeTxtFile) ; end; After adding one line of text from a file to a memo component SomeTxtFile needs to be closed. This is done by the Close keyword. We can also use Read procedure to read information from a file. Read works just like ReadLn, except it does not move the pointer to the next line. var    SomeTxtFile : TextFile;    buf1,buf2 : string[5]; begin    AssignFile(SomeTxtFile, c:\autoexec.bat) ;    Reset(SomeTxtFile) ;    ReadLn(SomeTxtFile, buf1,buf2) ;    ShowMessage(buf1 buf2) ;    CloseFile(SomeTxtFile) ; end; EOF - End Of File Use the EOF function to make sure that you are not trying to read beyond the end of the file. Lets say we want to display the content of the file in message boxes - one line at a time until we get to the end of a file: var    SomeTxtFile : TextFile;    buffer : string;begin    AssignFile(SomeTxtFile, c:\autoexec.bat) ;    Reset(SomeTxtFile) ;    while not EOF(SomeTxtFile) do    begin   Ã‚   ReadLn(SomeTxtFile, buffer) ;   Ã‚   ShowMessage(buffer) ;    end;   CloseFile(SomeTxtFile) ;end; Note: It is better to use While loop than the Until loop to take into account the (unlikely) possibility that the file exists but does not contain any data. Writing Text to a File The WriteLn is probably the most common way to send individual pieces of information to a file. The following code will read a text from a Memo1 component (line by line) and send it to some newly created text file. var    SomeTxtFile : TextFile;    j: integer; begin    AssignFile(SomeTxtFile, c:\MyTextFile.txt) ;    Rewrite(SomeTxtFile) ;    for j : 0 to (-1 Memo1.Lines.Count) do   Ã‚  Ã‚   WriteLn(SomeTxtFile, Memo1.Lines[j]) ;    CloseFile(SomeTxtFile) ; end; Depending on the state of the file provided to the Rewrite procedure it creates a new file (opens the file for output) with the name assigned to SomeTextFile. If a file with the same name already exists it is deleted and a new empty file is created in its place. If SomeTextFile is already open, it is first closed and then re-created. The current file position is set to the beginning of the empty file. Note: Memo1.Lines.SaveToFile(c:\MyTextFile.txt) will do the same. Sometimes well just need to add some text data to the end of an existing file. If this is the case, well call Append to ensure that a file is opened with write-only access with the file pointer positioned at the end of the file. Something like: var    SomeTxtFile : TextFile; begin    AssignFile(SomeTxtFile, c:\MyTextFile.txt) ;    Append(SomeTxtFile) ;    WriteLn(SomeTxtFile, New line in my text file) ;   CloseFile(SomeTxtFile) ;end; Be Aware of Exceptions In general, you should always use exception handling when working with files. I/O is full of surprises. Always use CloseFile in a finally block to avoid the possibility of corrupting a users FAT. All the previous examples should be rewritten as follows: var    SomeTxtFile : TextFile;    buffer : string; begin    AssignFile(SomeTxtFile, c:\MyTextFile.txt) ;    try   Ã‚   Reset(SomeTxtFile) ;   Ã‚   ReadLn(SomeTxtFile, buffer) ;    finally   Ã‚   CloseFile(SomeTxtFile) ;    end;end; Manipulating With Structured Files Delphi has the ability to handle both ASCII files and files that hold binary data. Here are the techniques for working with typed and untyped (binary) files.